Guide: Land Titles & Real Estate Regulation

Overview

All land in Nigeria is governed by the Land Use Act 1978, which vests all land in each state in the custody of the State Governor. No single federal "Real Estate Regulator" exists — instead, land ownership and transactions depend on proper documentation, government consent, and registration at the State Land Registry. Whether you are acquiring land for development, investment, or personal use, perfecting your legal title is the single most critical step to protect your asset. We guide you through every document, approval, and registration required to hold land securely.

Key Documents & Titles

Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
The highest and most recognised form of statutory title in Nigeria. Issued by the State Governor, it grants a Right of Occupancy — typically for 99 years — formally recognising your legal entitlement to the land. It confirms ownership, prevents competing claims, and enables you to use the property as security or collateral.

Governor’s Consent

Under Section 22 of the Land Use Act, no transfer, sale, mortgage, or assignment of land with a C of O is legally valid without the prior written consent of the State Governor. This is the most critical step in any property transaction. Without Governor’s Consent, your Deed of Assignment creates only a personal contractual right — not a recognised legal title. We prepare and submit all applications, supporting documents, and follow up until consent is formally granted.

Deed of Assignment

The legal document by which the seller formally transfers all their right, title, and interest in the property to the buyer. To be fully effective, the Deed must be:

Properly drafted and executed by both parties
Stamped at the Stamp Duties Office (evidence of tax payment)
Endorsed with Governor’s Consent
Registered at the State Land Registry

Survey Plan & Registry Verification

A certified survey plan defines the exact boundaries, coordinates, and dimensions of the land. It must be prepared by a licensed surveyor and verified by the Office of the Surveyor‑General. We also conduct a formal land registry search to confirm the true owner, check for government acquisition, and reveal any existing charges or encumbrances before you complete any purchase.

ESVARBON — Professional Regulation

The Estate Surveyors and Valuers Registration Board of Nigeria (ESVARBON) is the statutory body that regulates the practice of estate surveying, valuation, and agency in Nigeria. Only practitioners registered and licensed by ESVARBON may legally carry out professional valuation, estate agency, and property management services. We advise on compliance requirements for real estate businesses and professional engagement standards.

Our Services Include

Title Verification & Due Diligence: Conducting official land registry searches, verifying authenticity of documents, confirming status of C of O or Governor’s Consent, and checking for government acquisition or disputes.

Governor’s Consent Applications: Preparing and submitting applications, Deeds, survey plans, tax clearances, and supporting documentation; following up with the Lands Bureau until formal consent is granted.

Deed of Assignment & Documentation: Drafting, vetting, and witnessing execution of Deeds of Assignment, mortgages, leases, and other instruments; ensuring all formalities and stamping requirements are met.

Certificate of Occupancy Processing: Guiding new applications, replacements, corrections, and registration of C of O in the name of the purchaser.

Registration & Stamping: Submitting documents for stamping at the relevant tax office and completing formal registration at the State Land Registry to perfect your legal title.

Diaspora & International Investors Support: Special guidance for international buyers — including authentication of overseas documents, streamlined representation, and secure ownership structures.

Operate with Confidence

Secure your property with legally recognised, properly documented, and registered title. Avoid the risks of undocumented transactions — work with advisors who understand both the Land Use Act and how to protect international investors.

Schedule a Compliance Consultation

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Eweka & Associates is a premium legal advisory firm formally registered and constituted under the laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. This digital portal is provided strictly for institutional reference and educational commentary; it does not constitute or establish a formal lawyer-client relationship
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